Introduction to history here
Lesson 1: Paris Peace Conference
Click here for lesson powerpoint
Textbook Chapter: Peace Treaties after the WW1
Was the Treaty of Versailles fair?
Key terms:
Paris Peace Conference, Diktat, Weimar Republic, Article 231, Wilson's 14 Points, Woodrow Wilson, George Clemenceau, David Lloyd George, Big Four, Vittorio Orlando, Treaty of Versailles, Treaty of Brest Litovsk, Disarmament, Reparation, Alsace-Lorraine
Background
World War 1
Part 1
Part 2
Alliances
In the late 1800s, countries throughout Europe made mutual defense agreements that would pull them into battle. These treaties meant that if one country was attacked, allied countries were bound to defend them. Before World War 1, the following alliances existed:
- Russia and Serbia
- Germany and Austria-Hungary
- France and Russia
- Britain and France and Belgium
- Japan and Britain
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, Russia got involved to defend Serbia. Germany seeing Russia mobilizing, declared war on Russia. France was then drawn in against Germany and Austria-Hungary. Germany attacked France through Belgium pulling Britain into war. Then Japan entered the war. Later, Italy and the United States would enter on the side of the allies.
Paris Peace Conference
When a war ends, there are winners and losers and a treaty is put together which sets out the terms which the victor places on the losers. The Treaty of Versailles was the treaty drawn up at the end of the First World War.
Do a mind map of the the Paris Peace Conference covering the Who, What, When, Why, How elements of inquiry.
Online Videos:
1) The Treaty of Versailles, What Did the Big Three Want? (Part 1)
On the 11th of November 1918, Germany signed a ceasefire that effectively ended the First World War- the bloodiest, most expensive, most destructive war in human history. Months later a conference was called in Paris to decide upon the defeated nations fate. Many historians suggest that this is where some of the blame for World War II, twenty years later, lies.
What were the aims and motivations of the Big Four at the Paris Peace Conference?
In groups of 4-6, you will be assigned one of the victors of World War I. You will read the corresponding document below to understand your country's motivations and aims at the Paris Peace Conference and prepare a one minute presentation for the members of the other groups. Once your group is prepared, the original groups will be jigsawed so that each new group has 4 member, one from each country. You will present your aims and motivations to this new group, and other will work to fill in the respective parts of the graphic organizer here.
For the group looking at the USA's aims and motivations, make sure you know about Woodrow Wilson's 14 points.
Lesson 2- Terms of the Treaty of Versailles
Lesson Powerpoint here
1.What is happening in the cartoon below?
2.What might the author think about the Paris Peace Conference?
Lesson Powerpoint here
1.What is happening in the cartoon below?
2.What might the author think about the Paris Peace Conference?
What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
Full Text here
1) World War I - Treaty of Versailles
3) The Treaty of Versailles, Terms of the Treaty (Part 2)
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/mwh/ir1/thetreatyrev1.shtml
Peace Treaties after the First World War
Review the documents below to understand the outcome of the Peace Conference. You might be able to remember the major aspects of the Treaty by remembering L-BRAT, which stands for League of Nations, Blame, Reparations, Army, and Territory. What was the Treaty's provisions in relation to these aspects?
Full Text here
1) World War I - Treaty of Versailles
3) The Treaty of Versailles, Terms of the Treaty (Part 2)
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/mwh/ir1/thetreatyrev1.shtml
Peace Treaties after the First World War
Review the documents below to understand the outcome of the Peace Conference. You might be able to remember the major aspects of the Treaty by remembering L-BRAT, which stands for League of Nations, Blame, Reparations, Army, and Territory. What was the Treaty's provisions in relation to these aspects?
Why was Germany so outraged by the Treaty?
L - League of Nations
B - Blame
R - Reparations
A - Army
T - Territory
Terms of the Treaty - Click Me!
Task 1;
Use the above link, and any other suitable resources you find, to explain each section of LBRAT.
Task 2;
1. Choose one of the Big Three. Study the terms of the Treaty that you have summarised. List;
-Which terms would please your chosen nation and why
-Which terms would displease your chosen nation and why
-How far were their original aims met?
(Refer back to your work on the aims and motives of the Big Three)
How did the Allies Justify the Treaty?
Terms of Treaty of Versailles game here
Political Cartoons
Some good resources for analysing Political Cartoons
1) Political Cartoons in the Press
2) The Cartoon Analysis Checklist
- No foreign soldier had actually entered German territory, so many Germans felt as though they were not militarily defeated.
- The old government of the Kaiser had run away and the new one, the weimar Republic, had to take the blame...perhaps dooming them from the start!
- Germany was in bad shape and The Treaty makes it worse...and even seem like it would never end.
- Taking total blame for the war was considered ridiculous.
- Germany had surrendered thinking that the basis for the Treaty would be Wilson's 14 Points, which were focussed on being less harsh.
- Germany had been excluded from the Peace proceedings, so many felt it was a Diktat, a dictated peace.
L - League of Nations
B - Blame
R - Reparations
A - Army
T - Territory
Terms of the Treaty - Click Me!
Task 1;
Use the above link, and any other suitable resources you find, to explain each section of LBRAT.
Task 2;
1. Choose one of the Big Three. Study the terms of the Treaty that you have summarised. List;
-Which terms would please your chosen nation and why
-Which terms would displease your chosen nation and why
-How far were their original aims met?
(Refer back to your work on the aims and motives of the Big Three)
How did the Allies Justify the Treaty?
Terms of Treaty of Versailles game here
Political Cartoons
Some good resources for analysing Political Cartoons
1) Political Cartoons in the Press
2) The Cartoon Analysis Checklist
What do the Historians think?
There are many different ways to look at the Treaty of Versailles and historians have argued about its significance ever since it was singed in 1919. Some of the questions surrounding it are:
Explore the many views stated in the document "Treaty of Versailles views", looking for areas of disagreement and agreement about the treaty.
Assignment: Use one of the text sources in the document and create a political cartoon showing its view of the Treaty of Versailles. You must use either irony or analogy as the main way to convey your point, along with labelling, exaggeration, and symbolism. On the back of the cartoon, you must write up an answer to the question "What is the message conveyed in the source?" using the template we used earlier in the unit.
Lesson 3 - How realistic were the aims of the League of Nations?
There are many different ways to look at the Treaty of Versailles and historians have argued about its significance ever since it was singed in 1919. Some of the questions surrounding it are:
- Was it a mistake?
- Was it fair?
- Was it too harsh?
- Was it too lenient?
- Was it the best they could have done under the circumstances?
- Was Wilson misguided?
- Was the Treaty doomed because of the self-interest of the nations involved?
- Was it a failure of the process or participants?
- Did it lead to the Second World War?
Explore the many views stated in the document "Treaty of Versailles views", looking for areas of disagreement and agreement about the treaty.
Assignment: Use one of the text sources in the document and create a political cartoon showing its view of the Treaty of Versailles. You must use either irony or analogy as the main way to convey your point, along with labelling, exaggeration, and symbolism. On the back of the cartoon, you must write up an answer to the question "What is the message conveyed in the source?" using the template we used earlier in the unit.
Lesson 3 - How realistic were the aims of the League of Nations?
Click for PowerPoint used in the lesson
A political cartoon about the League of Nations, circa 1920. What message do you think the artist is trying to convey? In this lesson we consider the Aims of the League of Nations, its powers and its strengths and weaknesses.
We can remember the aims of the League with an acronym, just like with the terms of the Treaty of Versailles...
Aims of the League of Nations
Disarmament
Improve Social conditions around the world
Enforce the Treaty of Versailles
Stop War
Some extra information here
Questions
1) Why were these aims important in 1919?
2) Why was the League of Nations described as being a club for the victorious?
3) Describe the Powers of the League of Nations
4) What were the strengths of the League? What about its Weaknesses?
Evaluative writing questions
These are exactly the same as any other type of evaluative essay.
Click for information
Click for Model Answers!
You may use the the OPVL chart here
“The League of Nations promised to be a great institution” How far do you agree with this statement?
Notes;
-Don’t write in first person!
-Remember PEEL (Point, Evidence, Explain, Link)
-1 explained paragraph
Lesson 4: How successful was the League in the 1920's?
Click for PowerPoint
Despite the issues with the League we looked at last lesson, the 1920s is remembered as a time of reasonable success for the League. This was mainly because countries largely agreed to accept its decisions.
But how much of a success was it really?
Task
Create a table like the one below (obviously yours will have more boxes!)
Use this link and any other relevant material to fill it in.
Website here
Task
using Canva or Publishing Software of your choice, create a booklet advertising the League in the 1920s to give to member states that haven't joined yet. This should pick out the key successes AND failures of the League (yes I know that including failures would deter nations, but this should be honest!).
Lesson 5: Wall Street Crash and the Great Depression
Click for Resources
Causes and effects of Wall Street Crash here
Click for flow diagram sheet
Stories of the Crash
Images of the Crash
In this lesson it is really important to keep things as simple as possible- economics can be tough and it's not necessary for you to know all the details about this event. As long as you understand why the crash happened (borrowing too much credit, relying too much on stocks and a lack of trust in the system from rumours) you will be fine!
Tasks
1. Describe how a stock market works in 5-7 clear steps. Explain as fully as you can.
2. Click on the flow diagram sheet (linked above). Make a copy/ Copy&Paste into your own LiveDoc and complete.
Question
Do you think the Crash would have made the League of Nation's work harder? Why?
Lesson 6 (Part 1) - Disarmament and the effect of the Depression on the League of Nations.
Click for Resources
Click for Video
In this lesson we will consider the impact of the Wall St. Crash and subsequent depression on the League of Nations. How did the Crash make the League's work even harder?
Lesson 6 (Part 2)- Who was Adolf Hitler? What were his aims?
Click for Resources
Click for task sheet
In this lesson we will look at Nazi Foreign Policy and consider how this would make war more likely.
Keywords;
Lebensraum - "Living Space". The area to the East of Germany which Hitler wanted for the population of Germany to expand into.
Bolshevism - Communism
Marxism - Following the teachings of Karl Marx. in other words, Communism.
Lesson 7 - Rearming and Remilitarising
Click here for Powerpoint
Hitler's foreign policy started to become very real for the European powers in the mid-1930's. They had to consider how they would react this new Germany.
Within your groups you must consider the following about Rearmament and Remilitarisation of the Rhineland;
•What happened?
•When was it?
•What was the international reaction to this? Why?
•What were the longer-term consequences of this?
•What keywords are relevant?
•Is there any other information worth including?
Resources
Click for resource on remilitarising the Rhineland
Click for resource on German rearmament
Click for resources on Causes of the Second World War
Source
Source A
A British cartoon considering the Nazi remilitarisation of the Rhineland. The label on the sprig in the goose’s mouth says “Pax Germanica”, which means “Peace German-style”.
The text says;
“Goosey goosey gander,
Whither dost thou wander,
“Only through the Rhineland –
Pray excuse my blunder!”
Task
1. Copy the cartoon and text into your LiveDoc. Go through the text line by line - what is the cartoonist trying to say?
2. To what extent did German rearmament and remilitarisation of the Rhineland make a larger war more likely?
Additional links;
Click for the YouTube link used in the lesson
John D Clare website
More detail on rearmament
Lesson 8 - Final steps to war
Alternative lesson PPT here
A British cartoon considering the Nazi remilitarisation of the Rhineland. The label on the sprig in the goose’s mouth says “Pax Germanica”, which means “Peace German-style”.
The text says;
“Goosey goosey gander,
Whither dost thou wander,
“Only through the Rhineland –
Pray excuse my blunder!”
Task
1. Copy the cartoon and text into your LiveDoc. Go through the text line by line - what is the cartoonist trying to say?
2. To what extent did German rearmament and remilitarisation of the Rhineland make a larger war more likely?
Additional links;
Click for the YouTube link used in the lesson
John D Clare website
More detail on rearmament
Lesson 8 - Final steps to war
Alternative lesson PPT here
Click for information
Anschluss
British Documentary
Another video
Revision Mat
BBC Bitesize
Spartacus Educational
Sudentenland & Czechoslovakia
Links on Spartacus website
JohnDClare website
Lesson 9 - Appeasement
In 1938, Germans living in the border areas of Czechoslovakia (the Sudetenland) started to demand a union with Hitler's Germany. The Czechs refused and Hitler threatened war. On 30 September during the Munich Agreement - without asking Czechoslovakia - Britain and France gave the Sudetenland to Germany.
Task
Resources:
JohnDClare website
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/ztydcwx/revision/1
Lesson 10- Failure of the League
Why did the League fail?
The League of Nation slowly crumbled after the fall of Abyssinia to Mussolini's forces. Few nations actually left the League, but most accepted that it had failed and began to re-arm as fast as possible.
Britain and France tried a new foreign policy - Appeasement. However, this was always doomed to fail in the face of increasing Nazi, Japanese and Italian expansionism.
The John D Clare site has some ideas on why the League failed - click here to view
Sources Task
Anschluss
British Documentary
Another video
Revision Mat
BBC Bitesize
Spartacus Educational
Sudentenland & Czechoslovakia
Links on Spartacus website
JohnDClare website
Lesson 9 - Appeasement
In 1938, Germans living in the border areas of Czechoslovakia (the Sudetenland) started to demand a union with Hitler's Germany. The Czechs refused and Hitler threatened war. On 30 September during the Munich Agreement - without asking Czechoslovakia - Britain and France gave the Sudetenland to Germany.
Task
- Watch Youtube clip of Chamberlain's ‘Peace in our time’ speech - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQ95ffnU4Sw
- When do you think this speech was given?
- What is your opinion of Chamberlain?
- Define the word appeasement?
- Was it the right policy in the face of Hitler's aggression? Provide evidence.
Resources:
JohnDClare website
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/ztydcwx/revision/1
Lesson 10- Failure of the League
Why did the League fail?
The League of Nation slowly crumbled after the fall of Abyssinia to Mussolini's forces. Few nations actually left the League, but most accepted that it had failed and began to re-arm as fast as possible.
Britain and France tried a new foreign policy - Appeasement. However, this was always doomed to fail in the face of increasing Nazi, Japanese and Italian expansionism.
The John D Clare site has some ideas on why the League failed - click here to view
Sources Task
Create your own version of this table in your GoogleDoc. Click on the Source Link below and use them to complete the table.
Click for sources
Click for sources